How Is Ovarian Cancer Detected?
Dr. Nita Karnik Lee discusses how ovarian cancer is diagnosed, shares challenges in screening tests and procedures, and reviews ongoing research in the field. Dr. Lee also shares key questions to ask one’s healthcare team about ovarian cancer detection.
Dr. Nita Karnik Lee is a Gynecologic Oncologist at The University of Chicago Medicine. Learn more about Dr. Lee.
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Transcript:
Katherine Banwell:
Dr. Lee, what are the screening tests and procedures to detect ovarian cancer?
Dr. Nita Karnik Lee:
So, one of the important things to realize is that we do not actually have a screening test for ovarian cancer. That’s really important for the general public who maybe is at average risk. Patients who have a strong family history or a genetic, hereditary condition, sometimes we do use ultrasound and CA125, but that’s not considered a screening test for average-risk patients. We’re very limited in that sense for ovarian cancer. There’s a lot of research that’s being done about this.
Katherine Banwell:
Have there been advances in screening or screening technology that patients should know about?
Dr. Nita Karnik Lee:
I think the issue with screening and ovarian cancer is because we have not had any, and there have been really large studies that have been done both in the U.S. and in Europe, trying to see does ultrasound work every six months. Does CA125 and ultrasound work?
There’s some combination of blood tests that have started to become a little bit more researched in terms of going further along, but there’s really nothing that’s the perfect answer. One of the really important things that we talk about is knowing family history to see if there’s something that can be done to help patients who have a family history.
And then also being really aware of subtle symptoms of ovarian cancer that can trigger you going to your doctor and then really pushing and advocating for yourself and your family member to get a workup done, which can often include an exam, an ultrasound, and maybe even something like a CAT scan or CT scan if any of the symptoms are a little more worrisome.
Katherine Banwell:
What questions should patients ask their doctor about detection?
Dr. Nita Karnik Lee:
I think that when we’re thinking about detection, or if somebody has these symptoms coming up, definitely asking, like, hey, you know what? I’m seeing you as an internist, but I haven’t had a pelvic exam. So, making sure you’re seeing a gynecologist or an internist or family medicine doctor who can do a vaginal and a rectal exam is one important step. Perhaps getting an ultrasound or perhaps getting a CAT scan if the symptoms are more significant.
Unfortunately, we still see a lot of women who have these sort of vague symptoms, maybe they’re GI-related, and they get a workup for like six months on an EGD, or a colonoscopy, or they tried Pepcid. And all of those things are good, and they’re not unreasonable to do, but I think something else that can be done in addition would be a pelvic ultrasound, as an example.
I would say that if somebody doesn’t have any of those symptoms, but they have a family history, that’s why we’re in a little bit more of a bind as to know what the right thing to do is. We know that for patients who have a known BRCA mutation and are not ready for risk reduction surgery, we often will use ultrasound, but we know that ultrasound is not perfect.
