Vulvar Cancer
Vulvar cancer is a rare type of cancer that starts in the vulva—the outer part of the female genitals, including the labia (lips), clitoris, and vaginal opening. Most vulvar cancers develop slowly over many years and often begin as precancerous changes that can be detected and treated early.
Early signs of vulvar cancer may include itching, pain, burning, bleeding, skin changes, or a lump or sore that doesn’t heal. Because these symptoms can also be caused by less serious conditions, it’s important to see a doctor if they persist.
Doctors use pelvic exams, biopsies, and imaging tests to diagnose vulvar cancer. Treatment depends on the type, location, and stage of the cancer, and may include surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy.
Types of vulvar cancer include:
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The most common type. It starts in the thin, flat cells on the surface of the vulva.
There are two main subtypes:- Keratinizing type: more common in older women and not linked to HPV.
- Basaloid and warty types: often seen in younger women and linked to HPV infection.
- Adenocarcinoma: Starts in the glandular cells, often around the Bartholin glands near the vaginal opening. This type is rare.
- Melanoma: Begins in pigment-producing cells of the vulvar skin. It can appear as a dark mole or spot and is more likely to spread.
- Basal Cell Carcinoma: A slow-growing skin cancer that very rarely appears on the vulva.
- Sarcoma: A very rare cancer that begins in the connective or muscle tissues of the vulva.
For more information about vulvar cancer, please visit the organizations listed below.
SaveGeneral Cancer Programs
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External Resources
Organizations for Vulvar Cancer
Cancer Information and Support
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