Anal Cancer
Anal cancer is a rare type of cancer that starts in the tissues of the anus, the short canal at the end of the rectum through which waste leaves the body. Most anal cancers begin in the mucosa, the inner lining of the anal canal, and are often linked to infection with human papillomavirus (HPV).
Anal cancer is different from more common types of colorectal cancer and has its own causes, symptoms, and treatment. Doctors use tests like physical exams, imaging scans, and biopsies to diagnose anal cancer. Treatment often includes radiation, chemotherapy, or surgery, depending on the cancer’s size, type, and how far it has spread.
The main types of anal cancer include:
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The most common type of anal cancer. It starts in the thin, flat cells lining the anal canal. They make up around 90% of all anal cancers.
- Adenocarcinoma: Starts in the glandular cells that line the upper part of the anal canal or around the anal glands. Less common and may be treated like rectal cancer.
- Melanoma: A rare type of anal cancer that begins in pigment-producing cells. It often appears as a dark-colored lump and may be mistaken for a hemorrhoid.
For more information about anal cancer, please visit the organizations listed below.
SaveGeneral Cancer Programs
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External Resources
Organizations for Neuroendocrine Cancer
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