Parathyroid Cancer
Parathyroid Cancer is an extremely rare type of cancer that begins in one of the parathyroid glands, four small glands located behind the thyroid in the neck. These glands regulate calcium levels in the body by producing parathyroid hormone (PTH). Most growths in the parathyroid are benign (noncancerous) adenomas, but in rare cases, a malignant tumor may develop.
Early symptoms are usually related to very high calcium levels in the blood (hypercalcemia), rather than the tumor itself. These symptoms may include fatigue, weakness, bone or joint pain, kidney stones, abdominal pain, nausea, excessive thirst or urination, and confusion. A noticeable lump in the neck may also appear in some cases.
Because these symptoms are often caused by benign hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid cancer is often not suspected until surgery or more detailed tests are done.
Diagnosis and staging involve blood tests to check calcium and PTH levels, imaging tests (ultrasound, CT scan, sestamibi scan), and surgical evaluation. A definitive diagnosis is usually made during or after surgery based on tissue analysis.
Treatment for parathyroid cancer typically includes surgical removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue. Complete surgical resection during the first operation offers the best chance for cure. Radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be considered in advanced cases, but they are often less effective.
Types of parathyroid tumors include:
- Parathyroid Adenoma: A common benign tumor that causes elevated calcium but is not cancerous.
- Parathyroid Carcinoma: A rare malignant tumor that produces excessive PTH, leading to severe hypercalcemia. It can sometimes spread to nearby tissues, lymph nodes, or distant organs.
- Atypical Parathyroid Tumor: A rare tumor that behaves somewhere between a benign adenoma and a carcinoma. These are closely monitored due to potential recurrence.
Early and accurate diagnosis is critical, as parathyroid cancer is aggressive and prone to recurrence if not completely removed. Lifelong follow-up is often necessary to monitor calcium and PTH levels.
For more information about parathyroid cancer, please visit the organizations listed below.
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External Resources
Organizations for Parathyroid Cancer:
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