Which Myeloma CAR T Support Resources Care Partners Lean On?

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 Are there resources available to care partners supporting a loved one who is undergoing CAR T-cell therapy? Dr. Adriana Rossi, a myeloma specialist, reviews resources and explains the important role of support groups and in-home services.

Dr. Adriana Rossi is Director of the CAR T and stem cell transplant program at the Center for Excellence for Multiple Myeloma at Mount Sinai Health System in New York City. Learn more about Dr. Rossi.

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See More from The Care Partner Toolkit: CAR T-Cell Therapy

Related Resources:

CAR T-Cell Therapy for Myeloma | Why a Care Partner is VitalCAR T-Cell Therapy for Myeloma | Why a Care Partner is Vital Practicing Self-Compassion | A Critical Component of Being a Care Partner

Practicing Self-Compassion | A Critical Component of Being a Care Partner

 Understanding Your Role as a CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partner

Understanding Your Role as a CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partner

Transcript:

Jamie Forward:  

I think that makes good sense. So, there are obviously social workers at the centers, and obviously these larger CAR T-cell therapy centers have a number of resources. So, what is available to help care partners during this time?  

Dr. Adriana Rossi:  

So, social work will meet with the patient and the caregiver to tailor resources, and plans, and support in any way that is specifically useful to them. 

Again, if there is specific paperwork that needs attention. If there are resources, for example, lodging, transportation. All of these things are really tailored to the needs of each individual.   

Jamie Forward:  

Okay. And obviously, this isn’t for everybody, but support groups are always a good idea, even if online. 

Dr. Adriana Rossi:  

Absolutely. And, we have a number of those. We’re lucky to have a group of social workers, and they each lead different groups. So, if one doesn’t seem to be a good fit, I also think keep looking. There are very specific ones like younger patients or patients of any particular group. But, there are also general patients. There are transplant-specific. And, more and more, there are CAR T-specific groups where patients share their experience.  

Jamie Forward:  

Yeah. It’s always nice to know that you’re not alone in these situations.   

So, are there in-home services that can be useful for CAR T-cell therapy care partners during this time? 

Dr. Adriana Rossi:  

I’d have to say that’s probably very specific to geographic areas. I happen to work in New York where there are a lot of home services, and it’s very population-dense, and a lot of the services are driven to that. I imagine in parts of the country where there’s quite a bit of distance between the facilities, there are probably programs that are more structured to provide those services. So, that’s probably fairly program-specific. But generally, yes. I just don’t know what they are for each part of the country. 

Practicing Self-Compassion | A Critical Component of Being a Care Partner

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Why is it essential that care partners practice self-compassion when supporting a loved one going through CAR T-cell therapy? Dr. Adriana Rossi, a myeloma specialist, explains the importance of self-care, reviews signs of burnout ,and shares advice for managing emotional health when caring for a loved one. 

Dr. Adriana Rossi is Director of the CAR T and stem cell transplant program at the Center for Excellence for Multiple Myeloma at Mount Sinai Health System in New York City. Learn more about Dr. Rossi.

Download Resource Guide

See More from The Care Partner Toolkit: CAR T-Cell Therapy

Related Resources:

Myeloma Care Partners | Advice for Approaching the CAR T-Cell Therapy Process

Myeloma Care Partners | Advice for Approaching the CAR T-Cell Therapy Process

 Which Myeloma CAR T Support Resources Care Partners Lean On?

Which Myeloma CAR T Support Resources Care Partners Lean On?

 Understanding Your Role as a CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partner

Understanding Your Role as a CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partner

Transcript:

Jamie Forward:  

So, let’s talk a bit about self-care for care partners. I think this can obviously be a really taxing time. Why is self-compassion essential during this time when you’re caring for someone else? 

Dr. Adriana Rossi:  

Because many times, again, the focus is on the patient. But really, we need to recognize it’s stressful for all of us. And, the whole medical team is taking care of the patient. Very few people are paying attention to the caregiver. So, they really need to be able to ask for help. Hopefully, again, it’s not a one-man job. It’s rally the village around the person. We do ask for those first few weeks that it’s 24 hours a day the patient be with someone. But, it doesn’t have to be one person. So, have someone else come in, so you can go exercise, or go get a cup of coffee, or just spend time dedicated to self-care. 

So that then you can be as strong and as present as you can for the patient. 

Jamie Forward:  

Sure. And, what are signs of burnout? How can care partners recognize that? 

Dr. Adriana Rossi:  

Very hard to recognize, and usually it’s someone else who needs to point it out. But, emotional exhaustion I think is the most common, because it is such an emotionally taxing time. So, having a difficult time concentrating. Being irritable or pessimistic when sometimes the medical’s team’s like, “Everything’s going great.” And still, you’re like, “No. But, it’s not going to last.” Putting a negative twist is usually part of that. You just don’t have the reserves to look forward. And then, changes in sleeping, or eating, or regular habits can also be a flag. 

Jamie Forward:  

And, what advice do you have for care partners to make time for self-care? When can they find those spaces for themselves? 

Dr. Adriana Rossi:  

I think the biggest thing is to not think that it’s being selfish or that you’re taking away from the partner. 

Think of it as something you are doing for the patient. You are not useful if you’re burnt out and if you’re spent. So, self-care really is a giving activity of strengthening yourself so that you can then be of most use to the patient.  

Dr. Rossi, here’s a few questions we received in advance of the program from our members. We can start with William’s question. How can a care partner manage the emotional aspects when a loved one is going through CAR T? 

Dr. Adriana Rossi:  

I think be patient. Recognize that it’s a really difficult time, even when everything goes according to plan and the medical is very pleased that there’s nothing untoward. It’s just a really stressful time for both of you. So, it’s where we go back to the self-compassion, as well. Take time for yourself and recognize your needs as a caregiver in addition. So, tapping in, again, other friends. A small circle rather than a one-person job. And, being really open with social work on what resources can be helpful. Asking for help, again, is a brave act.  

It’s not a sign of weakness at all. 

Jamie Forward:  

Sure. And, I think it’s often that people will offer help, and you tend to decline because you think you can handle it early on. And, it is just so much easier to say yes. Say, “Yes. Bring over dinner.” Or, “Yes. I’d love you to come over for two hours while I go out and have a pedicure.” So, yeah. Always say yes when people ask you if they can help, because people want to help. 

Dr. Adriana Rossi:  

Exactly. And then, it is that group activity, and it’s a shared experience. 

Advice for Myeloma Care Partners | Monitoring for CAR T-Cell Therapy Side Effects

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 What potential side effects can occur when myeloma patients are going through CAR T-cell therapy? Dr. Adriana Rossi, a myeloma specialist, reviews possible short and long-term side effects, shares what care partners should be monitoring for, and explains how treatment response is measured.

Dr. Adriana Rossi is Director of the CAR T and stem cell transplant program at the Center for Excellence for Multiple Myeloma at Mount Sinai Health System in New York City. Learn more about Dr. Rossi.

Download Resource Guide

See More from The Care Partner Toolkit: CAR T-Cell Therapy

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CAR T-Cell Therapy | Monitoring for Side Effects As a Care Partner

CAR T-Cell Therapy | Monitoring for Side Effects As a Care Partner

 An Essential CAR T-Cell Therapy Team Member | The Care Partner

An Essential CAR T-Cell Therapy Team Member | The Care Partner

 Understanding Your Role as a CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partner

Understanding Your Role as a CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partner

Transcript:

Jamie Forward:  

What are the short-term side effects associated with CAR T-cell therapy?  

Dr. Adriana Rossi:  

Absolutely. So, the T cells are part of the immune system. Their job is to grow and expand once they’re in the patient, and pick a fight with the myeloma, which will cause a certain level of inflammation. So, some inflammation is good. But sometimes, they overdo it, and it manifests itself as a fever. We call that cytokine release syndrome. Cytokines are the molecules T cells use to communicate with other members of the immune system. So, this is part of the process we are causing, but we want to keep it in check.  

And, in the early days, we were very hesitant to do anything that could harm these precious T cells. But, we’ve learned in time that all of the antidotes, including tocilizumab-bavi (Tofidence) and steroids, don’t harm the effectiveness of the CAR T. And so, we’re very quick to intervene early and intervene with as many tools as we need. And so, that’s really become mostly just the fever. If left untreated, it can lead to low blood pressure and maybe an oxygen requirement. 

Again, usually quite easily reversible. When the inflammation happens around the brain or the nerves, we call that neurotoxicity. Specifically ICANS, which is the confusion and neurological deficits that occur with CRS. Neurotoxicity also includes other things like a peripheral neuropathy, cranial nerve palsies like Bell’s palsy has been reported quite frequently. And then, very rarely, delayed neuromuscular toxicities, which again, by patient selection are becoming more and more rare.  

And, the last is low blood counts, which we’ve touched on as part of the reason patients need such close follow-up once they leave the hospital. They’re very much at risk for infections, because they’re not making antibodies. Their neutrophils, which is the infantry type white blood cells, are low. And, their T cells are going to be low from the process. 

Jamie Forward:  

And so, for a care partner, what should they be looking for? 

And, when should they contact a member of the healthcare team? 

Dr. Adriana Rossi:  

I would say contact us anytime there is a question. It’s not too specific. Certainly, any fever. Any sign or concern for infection. And, any neurologic deficit. If someone is not acting themselves, the caregiver’s usually in the best position to recognize that. 

Jamie Forward:  

Okay. And, what are the long-term side effects?  

Dr. Adriana Rossi:  

Yeah. We’re still learning. Beyond a year, really there shouldn’t be many. We continue to support the patient until recovery of those antibodies, and T cells, and neutrophils. So, there’s a lot of preventive things. Monitoring and time. And, there are these rare neurological toxicities that have been reported, but they’re much less than one in 1,000. And so, it’s hard to learn or to make any generalizations at this time. 

Jamie Forward:  

And, as far as monitoring at home once someone gets back home, in the weeks that follow their time in the hospital, are there certain supplies they should have? It sounds like maybe blood pressure? Perhaps a scale? 

Dr. Adriana Rossi:  

Yeah. So, blood pressure and temperature probably are the two more important ones. We actually do discharge patients with a log, and for those first few weeks, we really would like at least twice a day for these numbers to be monitored. And, it’s patient-specific. So, the less you need, the more we graduate out to fewer measurements and less monitoring.   

Jamie Forward:  

When it comes to diet and nutrition, are there ways that care partners can help prepare or benefit to a highly nutritious diet? Is there anything related to diet and lifestyle that might be important to know?  

Dr. Adriana Rossi:  

No. I think there’s no restriction. The important thing is when your appetite is low, your body needs calories. We’re asking your body to get a lot of work done, and it can’t do that without calories. So, don’t be too picky on only eating fruits and vegetables. If it’s ice cream three times a day, go for it. Make sure you’re meeting a caloric intake. Certainly, nutrition is better.

The only dietary restrictions we have are really kind of similar to after a transplant where we’re trying to avoid germs. So, foods that can be cooked, peeled, or washed are really the focus. Things like berries and salads can easily have germs sneak in. So, we do try to avoid those. And again, it’s usually just for that first month or two. Recovery tends to be quick. 

Jamie Forward:  

Okay. Great. So, have a lot of ice cream on hand.  

So, how do you know if the treatment’s working? 

Dr. Adriana Rossi:  

Well, most patients will have an M spike or light chain change. So, we can follow that by blood tests. And, as with any other therapy, it’s usually a monthly check of those numbers. 

And then, we follow the paradigm we see in stem cell transplants at around day 100 doing a bone marrow biopsy and a PET scan. 

Again, up to 90 plus percent of patients, will have a complete remission on their blood tests within a month. But, we wait until day 100 to really let that protein have time. There’s a certain time to clear from the system. Check the cells in the bone marrow and really give you full credit for all your efforts.  

Jamie Forward:  

Okay. Great. So, we’ve sort of touched on this before, but I think it bears reiterating. So, why is it so important that care partners let the care team know about any changes they see in their loved one? 

Dr. Adriana Rossi:  

I think early intervention really leads to success. Most of the toxicities will respond very well to an early intervention. If left untreated, be it an infection, a neurologic finding, a cell count issue, the longer it happens, the bigger of a problem it is, and the harder it would be to turn around. 

So, something that could hopefully be a quick visit to the office could then become an admission to the hospital, and we’d really like to prevent that.

Myeloma Care Partners | How Can You Support Your Loved One During CAR T-Cell Therapy? Resource Guide

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See More from The Care Partner Toolkit: CAR T-Cell Therapy

Where Can Myeloma Care Partners Find Out More About Financial Support?

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Where Can Myeloma Care Partners Find Out More About Financial Support? from Patient Empowerment Network on Vimeo.

Where can myeloma care partners find out more about available financial support? Nurse practitioner Daniel Verina discusses avenues for navigating the financial burden of care through social workers and organizations like the International Myeloma Foundation (IMF), and the importance of asking your healthcare team for resources.

Daniel Verina is a nurse practitioner at the Center of Excellence for Multiple Myeloma at Mount Sinai Tisch Cancer Center in New York City.

See More from The Care Partner Toolkit: CAR T-Cell Therapy

Related Resources:

CAR T-Cell Therapy | Monitoring for Side Effects As a Care Partner

CAR T-Cell Therapy | Monitoring for Side Effects As a Care Partner

 An Essential CAR T-Cell Therapy Team Member | The Care Partner

An Essential CAR T-Cell Therapy Team Member | The Care Partner

 After CAR T-Cell Therapy | Care Partner Tips for Staying Prepared and Organized

After CAR T-Cell Therapy | Care Partner Tips for Staying Prepared and Organized

Transcript:

 Katherine Banwell:

How can caregivers find out more about financial support? 

Daniel Verina:

I think the great thing is talk to your social worker and your institution to see what available funds, what grants that are available for them to help support them through that. Also, inquire at their employment what is available for them through there. What does their insurance actually cover, right?  

Going to the International Myeloma Foundation website or the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation website and seeing the support that they can get through those institutions and organizations and the key tools that they have there for them.   

Katherine Banwell:

I mean, there could be something as simple as not being able to pay for parking.   

Daniel Verina:

Absolutely. And I always ask. I tell my patients, “Ask.” I’ll be honest, at my institution, I never know whether they can punch the card and get free parking or not, but I say to them, “Please ask at the front desk. Ask our social workers if there are ways.” And if they’re getting bills that we don’t understand, one thing patients need to do, and their caregivers is to bring us the bills that they have.  

Because many times, in my experience, the patient has brought me a stack of bills after four months and said, “Look what I’m getting.” I said, “Well, why didn’t you tell me a month into this, not waiting four months?” So, it’s allowing them to know bring it to us and let’s see what we can do can. We can never always guarantee that we can eradicate their bills. But what I’m saying to them is we can try.  

Katherine Banwell:

Absolutely. That’s great advice, Daniel. Thank you so much for joining us.  

Daniel Verina:

Oh, thank you so much. 

After CAR T-Cell Therapy | Care Partner Tips for Staying Prepared and Organized

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After CAR T-Cell Therapy | Care Partner Tips for Staying Prepared and Organized from Patient Empowerment Network on Vimeo.

What should care partners expect after CAR T-cell therapy? Nurse practitioner Daniel Verina offers tips for staying prepared, including advice on returning home, preparing the home post-therapy, and staying organized.

Daniel Verina is a nurse practitioner at the Center of Excellence for Multiple Myeloma at Mount Sinai Tisch Cancer Center in New York City.

See More from The Care Partner Toolkit: CAR T-Cell Therapy

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CAR T-Cell Therapy | Monitoring for Side Effects As a Care Partner

CAR T-Cell Therapy | Monitoring for Side Effects As a Care Partner

 An Essential CAR T-Cell Therapy Team Member | The Care Partner

An Essential CAR T-Cell Therapy Team Member | The Care Partner

 Where Can Myeloma Care Partners Find Out More About Financial Support?

Where Can Myeloma Care Partners Find Out More About Financial Support?

Transcript:

Katherine Banwell:

We know that patients should be near a medical center for the first few weeks after the therapy. Do you have any organizational tips for how a care partner can best prepare for the return home?   

Daniel Verina:

Absolutely. So, yes, it is required. So, the patient generally stays in the hospital for two weeks and then it’s required for them to be very close to the hospital two weeks after that because it requires many visits. I think preparing for home is also knowing that they have adequate and support for transportation because sometimes the patient may have to come in two to three times a week for support usually in the bigger institutions.  

Also, reconnecting back with their local oncologist just to make sure that if something does happen and they can’t get to the cancer center quick enough, they have another support. And to also to be able to monitor that, make sure they have thermometers and blood pressure machines and things that are going to be there for them when they get home.  

Katherine Banwell:

Do you have any tips for making the physical space at home more comfortable?   

Daniel Verina:

You know, I always say that’s individualized and everybody’s home is different. So, it’s hard to say that. I always – I’m very minimalistic. So, I always say don’t have a lot of clutter because post-CAR T you may feel a little weak or tired. So, make sure that they’re not navigating around a lot of furniture. There’s not loose rugs, equipment like that.

They may need some support even in the showers. That they may need a shower chair depending on the patient’s physicality. But that’s a very good discussion to have before they leave the hospital. Maybe our social worker teams can set up DNS [Home Health Care] and be able to put some support into the home.    

Katherine Banwell:

Are there any supplies that care partners will need as they care for a patient at home?   

Daniel Verina:

Supplies are very simple; I’ll be honest with you. It’s generally thermometers and maybe an automated blood pressure machine, I think, and then a pad of paper and pens that work itself. And also, like I say, it’s having the transportation or having a backup of something if the patient doesn’t feel well to get there. But in supplies, no, the patient should eat what they normally eat. I would say not as spicy because they may not be able to tolerate it, but things like that.  

Katherine Banwell:

And a calendar, I would think would be pretty important.  

Daniel Verina:

I love calendars. I’m a calendar writer, so I like it usually on paper, but people like it on their phone. So, I always tell patients also to keep a diary of how they feel because they come to us and I think it’s very common where you go, I have a million questions to ask you, and then they forget. So, it’s always good to say, “Oh, he had a little – he might have had some loose stools or diarrhea on this day,” but then they forgot to tell you. So, I think it’s good to document those things. And even weight –    

Katherine Banwell:

Pardon me?  

Daniel Verina:

And even their weight. So, all their vital signs and weight should always be documented. 

Katherine Banwell:

Okay, thank you. Who is the best point of contact at a medical center if they need support?   

Daniel Verina:

It’s actually the medical team. The best support is the medical team, depending on it. So, and each institution, I’ll say, may have different ways of accessing it. We have a 24-hour hotline. So, when the patient doesn’t feel well, they can call directly in. If it’s simple questions, they can always use the EMR messaging services that we have at our institution. So, each institution may have a way of doing it, but I would say always reach out to the primary team.   

What Are the Steps In the CAR T-Cell Therapy Process?

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What Are the Steps In the CAR T-Cell Therapy Process? from Patient Empowerment Network on Vimeo.

CAR T-cell therapy is a multi-step procedure, but how does it work? Expert Dr. Shambavi Richard walks through each step in the process and explains tests commonly performed to monitor treatment results. 

Dr. Shambavi Richard is Co-Lead Physician for the Myeloma CAR-T Programs at Mount Sinai Tisch Cancer Center. Learn more about Dr. Richard.

See More from The Care Partner Toolkit: CAR T-Cell Therapy

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Understanding the Basics of CAR T-Cell Therapy

Understanding the Basics of CAR T-Cell Therapy

 CAR T-Cell Therapy | How Can Care Partners Provide Support

CAR T-Cell Therapy | How Can Care Partners Provide Support

 How Has CAR T-Cell Therapy Transformed Myeloma Care?

How Has CAR T-Cell Therapy Transformed Myeloma Care?

Transcript:

Katherine:

Yeah. Well, now that we understand a bit more about what it is, let’s walk through the process. When a patient goes through CAR T, what happens first? 

Dr. Richard:

So, the first step is being referred to a CAR T physician. Right now, CAR T therapies can only be done in certain tertiary care institutions, not even all tertiary care institutions.  

They have to have the ability to manage and process cellular therapies. So, that’s limited right there. So, patients have to be referred to centers, so actually do these CAR T kind of therapies. Once they meet with the myeloma physician who deals with CAR Ts as well, then the way it works in our institution is then we assess them for which is the best kind of CAR T product the patient may be eligible for. Are they eligible for clinical trials? Do they fit the profile for clinical trial? Are the patients willing for clinical trails? If not, are they candidates for one of the commercially approved products? As I said, there is specific criteria. Patients have to have had at least four lines of therapy to be able to receive a commercially approved CAR T product.  

If that is the case, and once the process has been explained to the patient, they have to go through all the financials, the insurance approval. These are very expensive propositions. So, the insurance goes through all of the criteria to make sure that they will approve the product. Once the insurance approves, they also going through the institutional approval process to make sure that these are again being done for the right patient, and that they go through the institutional approval.

There are several patient specific characteristics. For instance, we want a patient who has the support structure to be able to support a therapy like this. They have to have a good performance status. They have to be relatively able to be able to handle these kinds of therapies. I went through all of those side effects that are possible. We look at their cardiac status. We look at the neurological status.  

We look at the pace at which their disease is escalating because these are again advanced patients. So, if somebody is relapsing very quickly, they may not have the time to wait to get to a slot for the apheresis, and then to wait again for the manufacturing to happen. So, we look at all of that. We look at their kidney function. And then finally in terms of their psychosocial, do they have their caretakers, the support system? Where do they live? Are they able to access our center? Are they from out of state?

If so, how are we going to manage during those initial months until they’re able, stable enough to be discharged back to their referring physician? So, we look at several things, so we have multiple teams of people, social work, pharmacy who looks at all of these different – and explains the pharmaceutical aspects of all of this, our finance team, our coordinators who put all of this together.  For the apheresis, we are involved with an apheresis team.  

And then the cell therapy lab that processes the cells, the vascular team to put in the lines required for the apheresis. So, there are several, several groups. And then if we need to get a consultation from our expert cardiologist or neurooncologist, we need to have those teams involved as well.  

Katherine:

How long does it take to know whether the treatment has been successful? 

Dr. Richard:

So, we get a sense depending on what their blood markers look like, we can get a sense within the first month if the patient is actually responding to the treatment or not. I generally wait for the first three months to do a actual formal assessment with their bone marrow and their PET scans and everything else because right around then they’ve gone through the initial acute post CAR T period. And so, at the time of the bone marrow we assess what it looks like, we send for a test called MRD which is minimal residual disease to see where they’re at with that. 

And PET scans to look at any areas of skeletal lesions or even extramedullary disease that they may have. So, I would say within the first month we get a sense, but by three months we do that first formal assessment. 

How Has CAR T-Cell Therapy Transformed Myeloma Care?

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How Has CAR T-Cell Therapy Transformed Myeloma Care? from Patient Empowerment Network on Vimeo.

How has the emergence of CAR T-cell therapy impacted myeloma care? Expert Dr. Shambavi Richard explains which myeloma patient groups could benefit from CAR T-cell therapy and shares research updates from recent clinical studies. 

Dr. Shambavi Richard is Co-Lead Physician for the Myeloma CAR-T Programs at Mount Sinai Tisch Cancer Center. Learn more about Dr. Richard.

See More from The Care Partner Toolkit: CAR T-Cell Therapy

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CAR T-Cell Therapy | What Are Potential Complications

CAR T-Cell Therapy | What Are Potential Complications?

 CAR T-Cell Therapy | How Can Care Partners Provide Support

CAR T-Cell Therapy | How Can Care Partners Provide Support

 What Are the Steps In the CAR T-Cell Therapy Process?

What Are the Steps In the CAR T-Cell Therapy Process?

Transcript:

Katherine:

Dr. Richard, how is CAR T-cell therapy impacting the landscape of myeloma care? 

Dr. Richard:

So, as I’d hinted or alluded to previously, prior to CAR T cells appearing on the horizon, we had very limited options for patients who had had the first several lines of therapy.  

So, once they had been exposed to two proteasome inhibitors, two iMiDs, and then anti-CD38 antibody which is the three major class of myeloma drugs, they are then called triple class exposed or penta-exposed depending on how many of these drugs they’ve been exposed to.   

We had a study called the MAMMOTH study back – this was published back in 2019 prior to the era of CAR T cells and other T-cell directed therapies. And at the time they had looked at patients who were triple class exposed, and who had been exposed to daratumumab were refractory to daratumumab as their last line of therapy. And what we saw was with their next line of therapy or whatever else was available at the time for patients such as these, their expected response rate was only about 30 percent or so, number one.  

Two, their outlook was very poor with a median progression-free survival which means that the amount of time that patients could go without the disease coming back, and that median progression-free survival was less than six months. And their expected even median overall survival was well under a year. So, that was what the landscape looked like when CAR T cells came onto the scene. For instance, the CART2 trials, which is one of the approved products which is cilta-cel which is what we have now, we actually saw for this same group of patients, the response rate was now 98 percent.  

Deep responses were 83 percent. And we now have the final readout of their median progression-free survival which is almost three years. So, you can see a significant difference.  

Under six months, media progression-free survival to three years. And over 50 percent of the patients were living over three years. So, that’s kind of where we are at. I mean so it was no small improvement. This considerably kind of almost reset the bar and has given a new lease of hope and life to patients who had advance myeloma. And one of the things we say in myeloma is although we don’t, as yet, say that myeloma’s curable, we are working towards that. But we are also giving options for other treatments, other research to be effective in patients just by keeping them around longer.  

Katherine:

Have there been any recent research developments involving CAR T-cell therapy that patients should know about? 

Dr. Richard:

Absolutely. So, much as I have highlighted all the hope and the optimism and the good things about this, the fact is we’re still not curing people with these therapies.  

So, we called this a plateau in the survival curve which means that if we achieve that plateau, that means the disease is probably not coming back, and we have essentially the definition of cured. But we’re not seeing that. We’re still seeing a downslope in the survival curves of myeloma which means that patients are still relapsing in spite of these excellent therapies.

So, there’s a lot of research going on into why are patients still relapsing? Is it because they’re losing the antigen which the CAR T cells are recognizing? Is it because the CAR T cells are no longer effective even though the antigen is still present? Is it because there’s a considerable lag time between the patients being freezed or collected, the cells being collected for the genetic modification in the lab to the time when the patients can actually receive these cells? And that can be anywhere between four to eight weeks.  

So, during this time period, patients with advanced myeloma may not remain static with their disease. The disease is progressing. They’re getting worse. They may not be candidates for these kinds of therapies. So, one of the areas of research is how can we speed up this process, this manufacture process? How can we make it much more available? Because they’re limited by the manufacturing facilities, their abilities to have these viral vectors, to be able to transduce these cells and genetically modify.

So, can we take them off of those kinds of things? Can we automate this? Can we improve these manufacturing platforms? So, a lot of different things are being tested. And then as I’d also mentioned earlier, right now they’re approved for advance myeloma, but what if we can bring them up earlier? Are patients actually going to get cured by that? Are they going to have a much better progression-free survival with that versus waiting until they’re very advanced? So, these are all many, many things that are being looked at.   

In addition, a lot of these CAR T products, these approved products, all them are all recognizing one antigen on the myeloma cell. Now there are products are being looked at that are dual target antigen recognition ability. So, that’s another thing. So, maybe if the CAR T cells are missing one of the antigens, and they’re not able to use that to kill the myeloma cell, maybe the other antigen can pick up the slack. So, these are various things that are being looked at. 

CAR T-Cell Therapy | What Are Potential Complications?

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CAR T-Cell Therapy | What Are Potential Complications? from Patient Empowerment Network on Vimeo.

CAR T-cell therapy may cause complications and side effects that their care partners should be aware of ahead of time. Expert Dr. Shambavi Richard reviews possible side effects, including cytokine release syndrome, and how patients are monitored during their hospital stay post-procedure.

Dr. Shambavi Richard is Co-Lead Physician for the Myeloma CAR-T Programs at Mount Sinai Tisch Cancer Center. Learn more about Dr. Richard.

See More from The Care Partner Toolkit: CAR T-Cell Therapy

Related Resources:

Understanding the Basics of CAR T-Cell Therapy

Understanding the Basics of CAR T-Cell Therapy

 How Has CAR T-Cell Therapy Transformed Myeloma Care?

How Has CAR T-Cell Therapy Transformed Myeloma Care?

 What Are the Steps In the CAR T-Cell Therapy Process?

What Are the Steps In the CAR T-Cell Therapy Process?

Transcript:

Katherine:

Dr. Richard, what are the potential side effects or complications of CAR T-cell therapy? 

Dr. Richard:

So, there are several possible side effects with CAR T therapy.  

It’s a little different from an autologous transplant. And I bring that up just to say because they are both cellular therapies, so are frequently compared and contrasted with autologous transplants which we have had for about three decades now. So, the main side effect after CAR T therapy is something called CRS or cytokine release syndrome. So, that happens when CAR T cells recognize the myeloma cells and kill them. A host of chemicals called cytokines are released in the body. And this can make a person feel like they have a bad case of the flu. So, it may be things like fevers, chills, body pains, headaches, loss of appetite, nausea, fatigue.

So, these are some common symptoms of cytokine release syndrome. But these are the milder forms, so in more severe cases of cytokine release syndrome, you can have things like drop in blood pressure, drop in oxygen levels, needing supplementation with oxygen.  

Or in terms of drop in pressure, they may need fluid resuscitation or sometimes even pressors, blood pressure medications that help to boost the blood pressure. So, that’s one major side effect. Another is something called neurotoxicity.  

So, you can have neurological side effects from CAR T therapy which when it occurs in the setting of CRS, that’s called ICANS or immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. That’s what that acronym stands for. And it has a constellation of symptoms such as confusion, disorientation, difficulty with some common everyday tasks. The handwriting may go off, attention deficit, things like that. But then in more severe forms of ICANS, you can actually have lethargy, coma, seizures, brain edema, so much more scary things.  

Then there is another form of toxicity called delayed neurotoxicity which looks completely different. Now you have things like Parkinson’s disease or neuropathies. Either cranial nerve neuropathies or peripheral neuropathies, Guillain-Barre which is a kind of ascending paralysis. So, all of these are also possible as neurotoxic side effects from CAR T therapy.

Aside from these, there is another which is called HLH or macrophage activation syndrome or hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome wherein patients can have organ toxicity, a spiking ferritin levels, new fevers, new neurotoxic symptoms, additional lab abnormalities such as liver function test abnormalities. So, these are other forms of just general CAR T-cell toxicity.   

Then in addition to these, you can have infections, prolonged blood count abnormalities, cytopenia as we call it which can affect the white cells or the platelets or anemia and things like that. So, these are also possible. And then finally things like second primary malignancies which can happen, other malignancies that can happen that may be related to CAR T therapy. A lot of these are still being studied. We don’t have a good understanding of how frequently this happens. But these are all possible side effects of CAR T therapy.  

Katherine:

Do any of the complications have to result in hospitalization? Or can patients be treated outside the hospital?  

Dr. Richard:

So, the way things stand now, and this may be slightly different depending on the specific CAR T product.  

But we generally keep patients hospitalized for the first two weeks after the cell infusion. Most of the side effects such as the CRS and the ICANS tends to occur during this hospitalization phase. HLH and delayed neurotoxicities can occur while they’re still in the later phases of the hospitalization, or it can occur late after they get discharged from the hospital. Infections and cytopenias of course can happen for a while following CAR T therapy.

Once they are discharged from the hospital, we ask that they stay close to us, usually within an hour or two of the hospital so that they can quickly come back in if there’s any issues. We see them quite frequently once they get discharged from the hospital. I see them at a minimum of once a week, more frequently at least a couple times a week, or even three times a week depending on what their blood count needs and monitoring needs are.  

So, we have them stay close to the hospital if they are far away. And the sponsor and our social worker, insurance can work together to figure out how to help them with the hotel costs if they have to stay close to us. So, that’s for an additional two weeks after they’ve discharged from the hospital. Following that, patients go back to their homes, but we still follow them quite frequently depending on what their needs are in terms of possible side effects. 

Understanding the Basics of CAR T-Cell Therapy

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Understanding the Basics of CAR T-Cell Therapy from Patient Empowerment Network on Vimeo.

CAR T-cell therapy is an exciting new option to treat multiple myeloma, but what patient type is this therapy right for? Expert Dr. Shambavi Richard defines CAR T-cell therapy and explains the eligibility requirements.

Dr. Shambavi Richard is Co-Lead Physician for the Myeloma CAR-T Programs at Mount Sinai Tisch Cancer Center. Learn more about Dr. Richard.

See More from The Care Partner Toolkit: CAR T-Cell Therapy

Related Resources:

CAR T-Cell Therapy | What Are Potential Complications

CAR T-Cell Therapy | What Are Potential Complications?

 How Has CAR T-Cell Therapy Transformed Myeloma Care?

How Has CAR T-Cell Therapy Transformed Myeloma Care?

 CAR T-Cell Therapy | How Can Care Partners Provide Support

CAR T-Cell Therapy | How Can Care Partners Provide Support

Transcript:

Katherine:

Let’s begin with the basics of CAR T-cell therapy. What is it? And maybe, actually, we could start with what CAR is short for.  

Dr. Richard:

So, CAR stands for chimeric antigen receptors, so CAR T cell is a chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. What that means is T cells, which is one of the cells for immune system are actually come from the patient. They’re expanded and activated in a manufacturing facility. And there they undergo genetic modification to form the CAR T cells. And what’s special about the CAR T cells is that they have the capacity to recognize myeloma cells and are efficient killers of the myeloma cells.  

Katherine:

Who might this approach be right for? What determines eligibility? 

Dr. Richard:

So, interestingly enough, today as we speak, CAR T cells may be eligible for many, many different kinds of – in the phases, many different phases of the myeloma journey. When they were initially tested, as most new therapies are, they were tested on patients who had very advanced myeloma, really were not candidates or did not have great options for any other kinds of therapy. And when they got tested in these groups of patients, they really had stellar results that far outstripped anything else that we had as options for patients in those advanced stages of myeloma.

So, the approval for CAR T cells as they stand today for myeloma is for advanced myeloma with patients who have had four or more lines of therapy and have had exposure to pretty much the major three classes of therapies for myeloma which includes proteasome inhibitors, imides, and anti-CD38 antibody therapy.  

But having said that, now CAR T cells are being moved into earlier lines of therapy are now being tested in these in various clinical trials. And even for newly diagnosed myeloma patients to see if they are as good as autologous transplants. Are they better than autologous transplants? And so on and so forth. So, really that’s what I mean by saying for now CAR T cells are appropriate for anyone if they are candidates for clinical trials. But in terms of approved indications for CAR T therapy, those are for advanced myeloma patients who have had at least four lines of therapy. 

CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partners | Understanding Your Role in Patient Care and Recovery Resource Guide

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How Can CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partners Find Support?

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How Can CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partners Find Support? from Patient Empowerment Network on Vimeo.

Where can CAR T-cell therapy care partners access support? Expert Sarah Meissner and Adrienne, a care partner, discuss resources and share self-care advice for those caring for a loved one.

Sarah Meissner, RN, BSN, BMTCN, is a Blood and Marrow Transplant and Related Donor Search Coordinator at the Colorado Blood Cancer Institute. Adrienne is a Care Partner to her husband, who underwent CAR T-cell therapy.

See More from The Care Partner Toolkit: CAR T-Cell Therapy

Related Resources:

How Can CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partners Maintain Their Own Self Care

How Can CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partners Maintain Their Own Self-Care?

 How Can a Social Worker Help CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partners

How Can a Social Worker Help CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partners?

 Are You a CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partner_ Why You Should Ask for Help

Are You a CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partner? Why You Should Ask for Help

Transcript:

Katherine:

Sarah, this is, obviously, a very taxing experience for everyone, the patient and care partner. Where can care partners find support during this time looking outside family members and relatives nearby? What other resources are available? 

Sarah Meissner:

Absolutely. I would encourage people to work with their local psychosocial team first. There may be support groups within the program that they’re receiving treatment at that could be helpful or, like Adrienne talked about, other patients or caregivers who have gone through this that they can be connected with.  

There is also some great support resources through The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. They do have caregiver support. They have patient support, connections with patients, and that kind of stuff. So, that is another good place to look as well as the different manufacturing groups that make these CAR T cells do have patient support groups as well. So, maybe some more information, maybe some caregiver resources. They’re all a little bit different but that would be another good place to look. 

Katherine:

Adrienne, did you find any resources that you would recommend? 

Adrienne:

Well, I used, and not on particularly CAR T cell but I do have one in there, but Facebook does have closed groups that you can join. 

I did this for his bone marrow transplant. And I do get a lot of support on that particular one. It’s for spouses and caregivers in particular. So, look for that and there is one on CAR T cell but for multiple myeloma. But at the time, it was very new so there wasn’t a lot of back and forth on there. But you can really connect with people, and, of course, it’s not a substitute for any kind of medical advice. But it is nice to talk to people that are going through the same thing, especially with his bone marrow transplant. There were other caregivers that were, actually, doing it at the same time. So, that was kind of like a reassuring thing to have this little group of people that we knew were all doing it at the same time.  

Katherine:

Yeah. That’s great support. Sarah, how can care partners make sure they’re taking care of themselves? What can they be doing? 

Sarah Meissner:

I think it’s hard going through this process. The focus is so much on the patient and what they’re going through. And caregivers often forget that they have needs, too. So, taking the time to look within and recognize when you’re feeling stressed and maybe you need some support. Reaching out to friends and family is a great thing if you have that option. If you have the option to have somebody come in and hang out with the patient for a period of time, so you can go to a work out class or you can just go grab some groceries or go do something for yourself and have a few minutes that you’re not having to worry about watching the patient can be really a great thing for people. 

Sometimes, if patients don’t have other support, caregivers will take the time that the patient is in clinic and being watched by the care team to maybe go run a quick errand or do something. And that’s definitely an option as well.  

Katherine:

Adrienne, we talked about this, but do you have any advice for care partners as they begin the process? 

Adrienne:

Yes. I would just say that it’s only temporary and that the first two weeks is really intense, but it definitely gets better. And just to keep your eyes peeled on all of those little things that might not be right, because it’s really important to get them back into clinic if they need it and to take a little time for yourself.  

Katherine:

Yeah. Well, before we end the program, I’d like to get final thoughts from both of you. What message do you want to leave care partners with? Adrienne, let’s start with you. You may have already answered this question just a moment ago. 

Adrienne:

The message that I think that we would like to give, my husband, too, is that this is a lot of work, but he has had a very successful remission. And it’s very promising, and we’re excited to have a long future with this. It’s much better than having chemo every week. 

And it’s improved his quality of life. So, I think that as a caregiver, it’s a lot of work, but it’s definitely worth the work, because the end result, hopefully, will be life-changing. 

Katherine:

Yeah. Sarah, do you have anything to add? What information would you like to leave care partners with? 

Sarah Meissner:

Yeah. The care partners are such a crucial part of this process. Without them, we can’t provide this treatment. So, it’s a very important role, and we are very thankful that you are willing to do this for your loved one so that we can give them this treatment and, hopefully, get them into remission and have great results from that. So, make sure that you take the time that you need to be able to be there for your loved one and, again, just thank you for being willing to do this. 

What Are Common Issues That CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partners Face?

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What Are Common Issues That CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partners Face? from Patient Empowerment Network on Vimeo.

CAR T-cell therapy is a long process, but what can care partners expect? Expert Sarah Meissner reviews common issues that care partners face, and Adrienne, a care partner, shares the difficulties that she encountered as well as the lessons she learned that might help ease difficulties for other care partners.

Sarah Meissner, RN, BSN, BMTCN, is a Blood and Marrow Transplant and Related Donor Search Coordinator at the Colorado Blood Cancer Institute. Adrienne is a Care Partner to her husband, who underwent CAR T-cell therapy.

See More from The Care Partner Toolkit: CAR T-Cell Therapy

Related Resources:

How Can CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partners Maintain Their Own Self Care

How Can CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partners Maintain Their Own Self-Care?

 How Can a Social Worker Help CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partners

How Can a Social Worker Help CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partners?

 Are You a CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partner_ Why You Should Ask for Help

Are You a CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partner? Why You Should Ask for Help

Transcript:

Katherine:

Sarah, I wanted to ask you, “What are some of the common issues that care partners face?”  

Sarah Meissner:

I think this is a very stressful time here. Your loved one is not feeling well, and there are these potential side effects. And so, that can cause a lot of stress on caregivers that they’re kind of the one in charge. They’re looking for these things. Of course, they want the best for their loved one. So, it can be a very stressful time. 

Frequent appointments. Here in Denver, we have terrible traffic. So, if people live far away from the center, it’s fighting rush hour every morning to get here. That can add a lot of stress as well as if you have other things going on at home, too, other family members who need you, it’s a lot to take on. 

Katherine:

Adrienne, what experiences or issues did you have in taking care of your husband? 

Adrienne:

Well, we do have a child. She was 2 at the time. So, I did have to plan childcare pretty much every day for two weeks, which I am fortunate to have lots of friends and family here in Denver, so I was able to get that covered.  

Katherine:

It’s a lot of responsibility for you. 

It’s a higher level of responsibility, I guess, right, because you’re taking care of your child and now, your husband is very sick. And you want to make sure that everyone’s needs are being met. 

Adrienne:

Right. And driving, like Sarah had said, the driving was an issue, because it was so far for us. There are potholes and with the little bit of change in mood and not feeling well, it was hard for him to be in the car so long and not getting to drive himself. So, I think that was not the best experience. I think if we did it next time, we would try and just be closer to the hospital.  

And for me to take care of everybody else, I did make sure that I would try and work out and not being able to leave the house with him. So I work out in the living room just to get some of my own stress out, or I would have somebody come and watch him if I really wanted to go to a class to work out. And like I said before, we were very lucky to have his parents that live in town and then my mother and my sister. So, that’s something that is important to have a network of people to help you because I don’t know, depending on what you have on your plate. I think it would be almost impossible to do it all by yourself, especially if you have to work or you have children to take care of.  

So, that’s some advice or what I’ve learned from this experience. 

Katherine:

Yeah. Was it hard for you to take time for yourself? Did you feel guilty? I know a lot of people think “Oh, I need to focus all of my attention on my child or my sick spouse.” It can be difficult to say to yourself, “I really need to take half an hour or an hour,” and then, find somebody to help you out with the caregiving.  

Adrienne:

Yes. I did find it difficult. And you just know that there is going to be an end in sight. You think, ”If I can just last through the month so I did sacrifice.” But at the same time, my main concern was that my husband would get through this. So, I did feel a little guilty. And I would get a little bit of time.  

But me, personally, I just wanted to push through that month and especially that first two weeks. And then, I knew that I would be back to doing the things I love. 

Katherine:

Yes. Rather than looking too far forward, I guess it’s trying to get through every day each day. Yeah. I’m going to switch back to ask Sarah a question. Sarah, why is it so important that care partners communicate any issues with their healthcare team?  

Sarah Meissner:

So, those side effects that we talked about, there are drugs that we can use to treat them, but they work best when we can get those drugs in as soon as possible. So, if we’re starting to see signs of cytokine release syndrome, we want to get that tocilizumab (Actemra) infused in the patient within two hours. 

So, it’s really important that we know that these side effects are popping up so that we can treat it appropriately. 

A CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partner Shares Her Story

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A CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partner Shares Her Story from Patient Empowerment Network on Vimeo.

What can patients and care partners expect when undergoing CAR T-cell therapy? Care partner Adrienne shares her husband’s experience with CAR T-cell therapy and explains her role as his care partner, while expert Sarah Meissner shares insights.

Sarah Meissner, RN, BSN, BMTCN, is a Blood and Marrow Transplant and Related Donor Search Coordinator at the Colorado Blood Cancer Institute. Adrienne is a Care Partner to her husband, who underwent CAR T-cell therapy.

See More from The Care Partner Toolkit: CAR T-Cell Therapy

Related Resources:

Expert Advice for CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partners

Expert Advice for CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partners

 How Does the CAR T-Cell Therapy Process Work?

How Does the CAR T-Cell Therapy Process Work?

 Why Is a Care Partner Essential for Patients Undergoing CAR T-Cell Therapy?

Why Is a Care Partner Essential for Patients Undergoing CAR T-Cell Therapy?

Transcript:

Katherine:

Adrienne, I’d like to turn to now to you and find out more about your experience. How did all of this begin for you and your husband? 

Adrienne:

This all began with my husband and I, we both are very active, and we work out a lot. And he had some pain in his lower back and his groin area. 

And we started going to physical therapy and a chiropractor. And the chiropractor was doing besides just chiropractic, he also did physical therapy stuff, too. His pain wasn’t getting any better. And after a few months, he called to get an MRI and that’s when they found his myeloma was in the MRI. Because of his age, he was diagnosed in 2018 at I’m trying to think how old he was. He was around 37. So, it was a very early diagnosis maybe, but he definitely was on the young side of having this kind of cancer. So, that’s how we found out.  

And then after that, it was just kind of a whirlwind on how we would get care for him and what we needed to do to get him better. 

Katherine:

Yeah. It must have been hard. 

Adrienne:

Yeah. It was hard. 

Katherine:

What was the process like for you as his main care partner? 

Adrienne:

My role once he was diagnosed was just to do everything I could to find out. We didn’t really know about the disease before. So, to find out what the best care for him was. We did a lot of research. We ended up going to several doctors before deciding what treatment plan we were going to go with. 

And then, he had some ups and downs, some failed treatments. And that’s where we went into CAR T, because we had so many failed treatments before.  

Katherine:

Did you feel like you were doing a lot of research? Were you doing a lot of homework Googling stuff? 

Adrienne:

Well, kind of trying to but we were also told not to do that too much, because it’s always the worst-case scenario online. But we did that somewhat and we got as much information from each institute we went to. And we went to, like I said, we went through three, and then we ended up at CBCI at the end where we are now.  

So, we started to discover that the first few lines of treatment were pretty standard. When you’re put into a situation where you find out your spouse has cancer, all you want to do is you want to find the magic miracle that’s going to cure them. And we did have to just go through the steps of standard care first. And we’re hoping that this CAR T-cell works. It’s working really well right now.  

Katherine:

I was just going to ask you, how are you and your husband doing now? 

Adrienne:

We’re doing pretty good. He’s still very tired. He’s, actually, taking a nap right now. And he has ups and downs. He definitely feels a lot better overall. He is getting back to normal life. But there are times where he just doesn’t feel quite right and has some physical pain and some cognitive issues. 

And we don’t really know if that’s from CAR T alone or if it’s also just from the last five years of having chemo and bone marrow transplant and all of the care before the CAR T-cell. 

Katherine:

Sarah, can you answer that question about cognitive difficulties that Adrienne’s husband is having? 

Sarah Meissner:

Yeah. So, it is pretty common to have what we call chemo brain after any treatment really. And in the case of Adrienne’s husband, he’s had several rounds of chemotherapy going into the CAR T treatment. So, it can be kind of an accumulative effect of all of that. And it is something that people struggle with post-treatment. 

It’s kind of a brain fog, not remembering things. So, working with the team and neurologists can be helpful in some cases. So, that is something that we see. 

CAR T-Cell Therapy Care Partners | What Do You Need to Know About the Process? Resource Guide

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